It is supplied as a complete moulded assembly, sometimes with the sun visor mounts, the overhead console aperture and the sunroof opening already cut.
Headliners are replaced when the adhesive has failed and the fabric sags, when water has left a stain that cannot be cleaned out, or when the shell has been creased during a sunroof repair. On older vehicles the foam backing turns to powder and the cloth drops away from the shell, which no amount of cleaning will fix.
Ordering a headliner is dominated by the roof configuration: with or without a sunroof, with or without a rear entertainment screen, and with the correct number of grab handle apertures. The body style matters too, since a wagon headliner is longer than a sedan one. Headliners are bulky and ship by freight, so confirm the part before ordering.